蛋白質(zhì)、維生素A、C、D、E,鋅、鐵、硒等微量元素,都是免疫反應(yīng)的“指揮官”。 長期營養(yǎng)不均衡,工廠缺料,免疫細(xì)胞“罷工”,抵抗能力直線下降(參考文獻(xiàn):Calder, P. C. "Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19." BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 2020)。
蛋白質(zhì):缺乏會導(dǎo)致免疫細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,容易被感染“攻破”。
維生素A/C/D:參與細(xì)胞修復(fù)與抗氧化,防止異常細(xì)胞擴散。
礦物質(zhì)鋅、鐵:用于制造和激活免疫細(xì)胞,是“啟動按鈕”。
?? 研究亮點:醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)為,營養(yǎng)失衡是免疫力低下人群的常見風(fēng)險因素(參考:Gombart, A. F., Pierre, A., & Maggini, S. "A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection." Nutrients, 2020)。
實際上,免疫力低下不是“千篇一律”,不同人需要的不一樣。兒童、老年人、孕婦、慢性病患者,針對性評估、定制營養(yǎng)方案更有效(參考文獻(xiàn):Michaelsen, K. F., et al. "Interventions with nutrients and immune function: lessons from research in children." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017)。
科學(xué)家們一直在關(guān)注免疫和營養(yǎng)的關(guān)系。近幾年,精準(zhǔn)營養(yǎng)學(xué)和個體化醫(yī)學(xué)逐漸興起,根據(jù)基因和體質(zhì),為每個人量身定制“健康菜單”,讓營養(yǎng)補充不再一成不變(參考文獻(xiàn):Franz, K. B., & Hurst, C. "Personalised nutrition and immunity optimization: challenges and prospects." Frontiers in Nutrition, 2023)。
Calder, P. C. (2020). Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health.
Gombart, A. F., Pierre, A., & Maggini, S. (2020). A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection. Nutrients, 12(1), 236.
Michaelsen, K. F., et al. (2017). Interventions with nutrients and immune function: lessons from research in children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 106(Suppl 1), 1690S–1700S.
Franz, K. B., & Hurst, C. (2023). Personalised nutrition and immunity optimization: challenges and prospects. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1182733.