遺傳因素(家族史)??
研究已經證實,家族中有直系親屬(母親、姐妹)患過乳腺癌,自己患病概率比一般人高1.5~3倍。特別是攜帶BRCA1/2等基因變異的人群風險較高。
(Mavaddat N, et al., "Breast cancer risk in women carrying BRCA1/2 mutations," JNCI, 2013)
生活方式
缺乏鍛煉、長期久坐、肥胖、經常熬夜,這些都會影響全身代謝,增加乳腺癌概率。據流行病學統計,超重和肥胖者乳腺癌發病率更高(Harvie, M., "The importance of physical activity and diet for breast cancer survivors," Clin Oncol, 2017)。
影像學檢查
包括乳腺X線鉬靶(Mammography)、超聲檢查(B超)以及磁共振成像(MRI)。其中,鉬靶被認為中老年女性篩查的首選工具(Siu AL, "Screening for breast cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement," Ann Intern Med, 2016)。
Mavaddat N, Antoniou AC, et al. (2013). Breast cancer risk in women carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations: Multigene testing and implications. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
Harvie, M. (2017). The importance of physical activity and diet for breast cancer survivors. Clinical Oncology, 29(8), 520-528.
Siu AL; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2016). Screening for breast cancer: Recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 164(4), 279-296.
Harbeck N, Gnant M. (2017). Breast cancer. Lancet, 389(10074), 1134-1150.